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Implementing a Public Health Approach to Gun Violence Prevention:The Importance of Physician Engagement

Evidence-based,well-implemented,and enforced gun policies can reduce gun violence,and this vision can be realized with the help of physicians. As the details of policy proposals unfold and the public and policymakers weigh the options,this commentary presents 5 strategies for physician engagement in these discussions. Annals of Internal Medicine Current Issue

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Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in Adults:U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Chinese translation Description:

New U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults. Methods:

The USPSTF commissioned 2 systematic evidence reviews and a meta-analysis on vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium to assess the effects of supplementation on bone health outcomes in community-dwelling [...]

Update in Infectious Diseases:Evidence Published in 2012

This Update summarizes studies published in 2012 that the authors consider highly relevant to the practice of infectious disease. Topics include sinusitis,azithromycin toxicity,infective endocarditis,asymptomatic bacteriuria and recurrent urinary tract infection,HIV prevention,a newly discovered pathogen,Lyme disease,and fungal meningitis. Annals of Internal Medicine Current Issue

Management Strategies for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background:

Adults with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis are at increased risk for ipsilateral carotid territory ischemic stroke. Purpose:

To examine comparative evidence on management strategies for asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the incidence of ipsilateral stroke with medical therapy alone. Data Sources:

MEDLINE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,U.S. Food and Drug Administration documents,[...]

Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Ambrisentan A Parallel,Randomized Trial

Chinese translation Background:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by formation and proliferation of fibroblast foci. Endothelin-1 induces lung fibroblast proliferation and contractile activity via the endothelin A (ETA) receptor. Objective:

To determine whether ambrisentan,an ETA receptor–selective antagonist,reduces the rate of IPF progression. Design:

Randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,event-driven trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00768300) Setting:[...]

HIV,Age,and the Severity of Hepatitis C Virus–Related Liver Disease A Cohort Study

Chinese translation Background:

Persons with HIV infection have been reported to develop age-related diseases at younger ages than those without HIV. Whether this finding is related to HIV infection or failure to control for other risk factors is unknown. Objective:

To investigate whether persons with HIV infection develop hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related liver disease [...]

An Acute Change in Lung Allocation Score and Survival After Lung Transplantation A Cohort Study

Chinese translation Background:

Lung transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with advanced lung disease. In the United States,lungs are allocated on the basis of the lung allocation score (LAS),a composite measure of transplantation urgency and utility. Clinical deteriorations result in increases to the LAS;however,whether the trajectory of the LAS [...]

Action to Stop Smoking in Suspected Tuberculosis (ASSIST) in Pakistan A Cluster Randomized,Controlled Trial

Background:

Tobacco use is responsible for a large proportion of the total disease burden from tuberculosis. Pakistan is one of the 10 high-burden countries for both tuberculosis and tobacco use. Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of a behavioral support intervention and bupropion in achieving 6-month continuous abstinence in adult smokers with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. [...]

Estimating Overdiagnosis of Lung Cancer

Annals of Internal Medicine Current Issue

Comparative Effectiveness of Warfarin and New Anticoagulants

Annals of Internal Medicine Current Issue